My thanks to
Church of Christ apologist Tom M. Roberts, for confirming, from omission, the validity of the original Church of Christ, which many today refer to as Eastern Orthodox. Orthodox is not a denomination. Orthodox is not a noun, it is an adjective meaning "right teaching" or "right glory." The word "orthodox" began to be used in the early Church to distinguish the church of Christ from heretical groups who questioned the divinity of Jesus. In other words it refers to where the true church of Christ, the "pillar and foundation of truth" is found.
In an effort to prove the sole validity of Alexander Campbell's movement, Mr. Roberts lists the origin of several groups. His omission of Eastern Orthodox is glaring and peculiar, especially since Eastern Orthodox Christians are the second largest group on the planet. Is it possible the Mr. Roberts suffers from the same narrow vision that Mr. Campbell did? Is it possible that they are cousins to Martin Luther who also, in an admirable effort to return to the purest from of the New Testament Church, ignored or didn't know of the existence of the Church in the East, and set out to reinvent what already existed?
Notice the incomplete premise on which Mr. Roberts bases his argument where he omits Eastern Orthodox:
"No church, Catholic or Protestant, can trace its historical lineage to New Testament times. The oldest denominations are too young in age to be a New Testament church. How far back can the roots of denominations be traced? Notice the following dates of origin:
- Roman Catholic Church - Rome, 606 A.D., with Boniface III as pope.
- Lutheran Church - 1520 A. D., Germany, with Martin Luther's writings as authority
- Episcopalian - 1534, England, when Henry VIII broke with Roman Catholicism
- Presbyterian -1536, Switzerland, led by John Calvin
- Congregational -1550 A.D., England, by Robert Browne
- Baptist - 1607, Holland, by John Smythe
- Methodist - 1739, England, by John Wesley
- Latter Day Saints (Mormons) - 1830, America, by Joseph Smith
- Adventists - 1830, America, by William Miller
- Christian Scientist - 1866, America, by Mary Baker Eddy
- Jehovah's Witnesses - 1872, America, by Charles T. Russell"
Such a list is a valid way of pointing out that denominations have sprung from men's own devises, but the ignoring of Eastern Orthodoxy is birthed out of ignorance or dishonesty. I want to think the best of the aforementioned cousins, so in this case calling them ignorant is complementary. Mr. Roberts is correct, however, when he states that
"No church, Catholic or Protestant, can trace its historical lineage to New Testament times." Catholics may argue the point, but the fact is the Roman Church separated itself from the Orthodox faith thus beginning a separate religion. Their doctrines and practices, which are removed from the original orthodox faith, attest to this. Protestants stem from Roman Catholicism.
Mr. Robert goes on to say that no group outside the
Church of Christ, as defined by Campbell, can trace their roots to the origin of the Church. For the sake of all those who have been taught by these christened cousins, especially for my
Church of Christ brethren, who are closer to the Orthodox faith than they know, here is a list of the of Bishops from just one of the churches in the East- Antioch, where "they were first called Christians." Scroll quickly if you want. It takes a lot of space to cover 2000 years of historically, verifiable tracing.
1 45-53 The Episcopacy of St. Peter, the Apostle, in Antioch.
2 53 The Episcopacy of
Eudoius in Antioch.
3 68 The Episcopacy of St. Ignatius (d. 107) in Antioch.
4 100 The Episcopacy of
Heros in Antioch.
5 127 The Episcopacy of Cornelius in Antioch.
6 151 The Episcopacy of
Heros II in Antioch.
7 169 The Episcopacy of
Theophilus (d. 181/182) in Antioch.
8 188 The Episcopacy of
Maximianus (d. 190/191) in Antioch.
9 191-212 The Episcopacy of
Serapion in Antioch.
10 212-218 The Episcopacy of
Aslipiades in Antioch.
11 218-231 The Episcopacy of
Philetus in Antioch.
12 232 The Episcopacy of
Zebinus (a.k.a.
Zenobius) in Antioch.
13 240 The Episcopacy of St.
Babylas in Antioch.
14 253 The Episcopacy of
Fabius in Antioch.
15 256 The Episcopacy of
Demetrian in Antioch.
16 263 The Episcopacy of
Amphilochius in Antioch.
17 267 The Episcopacy of Paul of
Samosata in Antioch.
18 270 The Episcopacy of
Dmonus in Antioch.
19 273 The Episcopacy of
Timaeus in Antioch.
20 277 The Episcopacy of Cyril in Antioch.
21 299 The Episcopacy of
Tyrannion in Antioch.
22 308 The Episcopacy of
Vitalius in Antioch.
23 314 The Episcopacy of
Philogonius in Antioch.
24 324 The Episcopacy of
Paulinus in Antioch.
25 325 The Episcopacy of
Eustathius in Antioch.
26 332 The Episcopacy of
Paulinus in Antioch.
27 332 The Episcopacy of
Eulalius (5 months) in Antioch.
28 333 The Episcopacy of
Euphronius in Antioch.
29 334 The Episcopacy of
Placentius in Antioch.
30 341 The Episcopacy of Stephanus in Antioch.
31 345 The Episcopacy of
Leontius in Antioch.
32 350 The Episcopacy of
Eudoxius in Antioch.
33 354 The Episcopacy of
Meletius in Antioch.
34 354 The Episcopacy of
Eudoxius in Antioch.
35 357 The Episcopacy of
Annias (a.k.a.
Ammianus) in Antioch.
36 360 The Episcopacy of
Eudozius in Antioch.
37 370 The Episcopacy of
Dorotheus in Antioch.
38 371 The Episcopacy of
Paulinus in Antioch.
39 376 The Episcopacy of
Vitalius in Antioch.
40 384 The Episcopacy of
Flavian in Antioch.
41 404 The Episcopacy of
Porphyrius in Antioch.
42 408 The Episcopacy of Alexander in Antioch.
43 418 The Episcopacy of
Theodotus in Antioch.
44 427 The Episcopacy of John in Antioch.
45 443 The Episcopacy of
Domnus II in Antioch.
46 450 The Episcopacy of
Maximus in Antioch.
See elevated to dignity of a Patriarchate by the Council of
Chalcedon in 451
47 459 The Patriarchate of Basil in Antioch.
48 459 The Patriarchate of
Acacius in Antioch.
49 461 The Patriarchate of
Martyrius in Antioch.
50 465 The Patriarchate of Peter the Fuller in Antioch.
51 466 The Patriarchate of Julian in Antioch.
52 474 The Patriarchate of Peter the Fuller in Antioch.
53 475 The Patriarchate of John II in Antioch.
54 490 The Patriarchate of Stephen II in Antioch.
55 493 The Patriarchate of Stephen III in Antioch.
56 495 The Patriarchate of
Callandion in Antioch.
57 495 The Patriarchate of John
Codonatus in Antioch.
58 497 The Patriarchate of
Palladius in Antioch.
59 505 The Patriarchate of
Flavian II in Antioch.
60 513 The Patriarchate of Severus in Antioch.
61 518 The Patriarchate of Paul II in Antioch.
62 521 The Patriarchate of
Euphrasius in Antioch.
63 526 The Patriarchate of Ephraim in Antioch.
64 546 The Patriarchate of
Domnus III in Antioch.
65 561 The Patriarchate of
Anastasius the
Sinaite in Antioch.
66 571 The Patriarchate of Gregory in Antioch.
67 594 The Patriarchate of
Anastasius the
Sinaite in Antioch.
68 599 The Patriarchate of
Anastasius II in Antioch.
69 610 The Patriarchate of Gregory II, in Antioch.
70 620 The Patriarchate of
Anastasius III in Antioch.
71 628 The Patriarchate of
Macedonius in Antioch.
72 640 The Patriarchate of George in Antioch.
73 656 The Patriarchate of
Macarius in Antioch.
74 681 The Patriarchate of
Theophanes in Antioch.
75 687 The Patriarchate of Sebastian in Antioch.
76 690 The Patriarchate of George II in Antioch.
77 695 The Patriarchate of Alexander in Antioch.
78 742 The Patriarchate of Stephen IV in Antioch.
79 748 The Patriarchate of
Theophylact in Antioch.
80 767 The Patriarchate of Theodore in Antioch.
81 797 The Patriarchate of John IV in Antioch.
82 810 The Patriarchate of Job in Antioch.
83 826 The Patriarchate of Nicholas in Antioch.
84 834 The Patriarchate of Simeon in Antioch.
85 840 The Patriarchate of Elias in Antioch.
86 852 The Patriarchate of Theodosius in Antioch.
87 860 The Patriarchate of Nicholas II in Antioch.
88 879 The Patriarchate of Michael in Antioch.
89 890 The Patriarchate of Zacharias in Antioch.
90 902 The Patriarchate of George III in Antioch.
91 917 The Patriarchate of Job II in Antioch.
92 939 The Patriarchate of
Eustratius in Antioch.
93 960 The Patriarchate of Christopher in Antioch.
94 966 The Patriarchate of
Theodorus II in Antioch.
95 977 The Patriarchate of
Agapius in Antioch.
96 995 The Patriarchate of John IV in Antioch.
97 1000 The Patriarchate of Nicholas III in Antioch.
98 1003 The Patriarchate of Elias II in Antioch.
99 1010 The Patriarchate of George
Lascaris in Antioch.
100 1015 The Patriarchate of Macarius the Virtuous in Antioch.
101 1023 The Patriarchate of Eleutherius in Antioch.
102 1028 The Patriarchate of Peter III in Antioch.
103 1051 The Patriarchate of John VI in Antioch.
104 1062 The Patriarchate of Aemilian in Antioch.
105 1075 The Patriarchate of Theodosius II in Antioch.
106 1084 The Patriarchate of Nicephorus in Antioch.
107 1090 The Patriarchate of John VII in Antioch.
108 1155 The Patriarchate of John IX in Antioch.
109 1159 The Patriarchate of Euthymius in Antioch.
110 1164 The Patriarchate of Macarius in Antioch.
111 1166 The Patriarchate of Athanasius in Antioch.
112 1180 The Patriarchate of Theodosius III in Antioch.
113 1182 The Patriarchate of Elias III in Antioch.
114 1184 The Patriarchate of Christopher II in Antioch.
115 1185 The Patriarchate of Theodore IV (Balsamon) in exile in Constantinople.
116 1199 The Patriarchate of Joachim in exile in Constantinople.
117 1219 The Patriarchate of Dorotheus in exile in Constantinople.
118 1245 The Patriarchate of Simeon II in exile in Constantinople.
119 1268 The Patriarchate of Euthymius II in exile in Constantinople.
120 1269 The Patriarchate of Theodosius IV in Antioch.
121 1276 The Patriarchate of Theodosius V in Antioch.
122 1285 The Patriarchate of Arsenius in Antioch.
123 1293 The Patriarchate of Dionysius in Antioch.
124 1308 The Patriarchate of Mark in Antioch.
Patriarchal See transferred to Damascus in 1342
125 1342 The Patriarchate of Ignatius II in Damascus.
127 1386 The Patriarchate of Pachomius in Damascus.
128 1393 The Patriarchate of Nilus in Damascus.
129 1401 The Patriarchate of Michael III in Damascus.
130 1410 The Patriarchate of Pachomius II in Damascus.
131 1411 The Patriarchate of Joachim II in Damascus.
132 1426 The Patriarchate of Mark III in Damascus.
133 1436 The Patriarchate of Dorotheus II in Damascus.
134 1454 The Patriarchate of Michael IV in Damascus.
135 1476 The Patriarchate of Mark IV in Damascus.
136 1476 The Patriarchate of Joachim III in Damascus.
137 1483 The Patriarchate of Gregory III in Damascus.
139 1497-1523 The Patriarchate of Dorotheus III in Damascus.
140 1523-1541 The Patriarchate of Michael V in Damascus.
141 1541-1543 The Patriarchate of Dorotheus IV in Damascus.
142 1543-1576 The Patriarchate of Joachim IV (Ibn Juma) in Damascus.
143 1577-1581 The Patriarchate of Michael VI (Sabbagh) in Damascus.
144 1581-1592 The Patriarchate of Joachim V in Damascus.
145 1593-1604 The Patriarchate of Joachim VI in Damascus.
146 1604-1611 The Patriarchate of Dorotheus V in Damascus.
147 1611-1619 The Patriarchate of Athanasius III (Dabbas) in Damascus.
148 1619-1631 The Patriarchate of Ignatius III (Attiyah) in Damascus.
149 1635-1636 The Patriarchate of Euthymius III in Damascus.
150 1636-1648 The Patriarchate of Euthymius IV in Damascus.
151 1648-1672 The Patriarchate of Michael III (Zaim) in Damascus.
152 1674-1684 The Patriarchate of Neophytos I in Damascus.
153 1686-1694 The Patriarchate of Athanasius IV (Dabbas) in Damascus.
154 1694-1720 The Patriarchate of Cyril III (Zaim) in Damascus.
155 1720-1724 The Patriarchate of Athanasius IV (Dabbas) in Damascus.
Separation of the Melkites. The Greek Patriarchs
156 1724-1766 The Patriarchate of Sylvester I in Damascus.
157 1766-1767 The Patriarchate of Philemon I in Damascus.
158 1767-1791 The Patriarchate of Daniel I in Damascus.
159 1792-1813 The Patriarchate of Euthymius I in Damascus.
160 1813-1823 The Patriarchate of Seraphim I in Damascus.
161 1843-1859 The Patriarchate of Methodius I in Damascus.
162 1850-1885 The Patriarchate of Hierotheos I in Damascus.
163 1885-1891 The Patriarchate of Gerasimos I in Damascus.
164 1892-1898 The Patriarchate of Spyridon I in Damascus.
Restoration of the Arab Patriarchs
165 1899-1906 The Patriarchate of Meletius II (Doumani) in Damascus.
166 1906-1928 The Patriarchate of Gregory IV(Haddad) in Damascus.
167 1928-1958 The Patriarchate of Alexander III (Tahan) in Damascus.
168 1958-1970 The Patriarchate of Theodosius VI (Abourjaily) in Damascus.
169 1970-1979 The Patriarchate of Elias IV (Muawad) in Damascus.
170 1979- The Patriarchate of Ignatius IV (Hazim, 1921- ) in Damascus.
And below is His All Holiness Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew. First among Bishops of the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew
Alexander Campbell
1788-1866
Now, does the Orthodox Ecumenical Patriarch, with his clothing and long white beard, look all that much different from Alexander Campbell? Holy Trinity has blessed what Alexander Campbell birthed- millions leaving the mire of denominationalism and journeying back to the original New Testament Church. He just didn't go back far enough. You can. Come all the way home to the One Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church, the faith of our fathers, the Apostolic Faith, the Orthodox faith- The Eastern Orthodox Church.